The battleship Turgut Reis, Two of her dismantled guns were placed in Çanakkale to defend the Dardanelles as under the name of Turgut Reis Battery, on June 24, 1936, after Montreux & against the Italian threat's. Via Cengiz Sogutlu
This day in 1941, Nazi Germany and Turkey signed the German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship in Ankara. Turkey severed its diplomatic and commercial relations with Germany, and on February 23, 1945, declared war on Germany.
This day in 1941, Nazi Germany and Turkey signed the German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship in Ankara. Turkey severed its diplomatic and commercial relations with Germany, and on February 23, 1945, declared war on Germany. View attachment 315309
In 1939, Turkey signed a Mutual Aid Pact with France and the United Kingdom, but, avoiding to go directly into combat and fearing the Soviet Union (which had just jointly invaded Poland with Germany), Turkey along with the rest of the Balkan Entente (Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Turkey) declared neutrality when France was invaded in 1940. In Jun 1941, as the German forces entered the Balkan Peninsula, Turkey and Germany signed a non-aggression pact; this pact gave Turkey the security it sought, while giving Germany the comfort of a safe flank as it planned to turn against the Soviet Union. Despite Turkish neutrality, the country did suffer some casualties during the war. On 3 Nov 1941, for example, Turkish schooner Kaynakdere was sunk by Soviet submarine ShCh-214 in the Black Sea as the Turkish schooner ventured near ground sheld by German troops (the Soviet submarine captain suspected that the schooner was smuggling in supplies for the Germans); Soviet submarines would sink several more Turkish vessels during the war. Turkey would suffer losses at the hands of the Axis as well, such as the loss of merchant ship Antares to Italian submarine Alagi in Jul 1942. Meanwhile, the Western Allies actively courted Turkey. In Dec 1941, days prior to the Pearl Harbor attack that brought the United States into the war, Franklin Roosevelt announced that Turkey was eligible to receive Lend-Lease aid. As the tide turned against Germany, Turkey leaned more and more toward the Allied side. Turkey halted the export of chromite, a key ingredient in the manufacture of stainless steel, to Germany in Apr 1944. On 2 Aug 1944, Turkey severed diplomatic relations with Germany. In Feb 1945, Turkey allowed itself to be courted by the Allies by attending the inaugural meeting of the United Nations, leading to a declaration of war on Germany on 23 Feb 1945. Turkish troops were not sent into combat, however.
1939 - 1940 With the start of the Second World War, instructions began to be given to all students, even in schools. All the work was going on to prepare the nation for war.
The Refah tragedy (Turkish: Refah faciası) was a maritime disaster that took place during World War II, in 26 June 1941 four days after start of operation Barbarossa & one week later German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship, when the cargo steamer Refah of neutral Turkey, carrying Turkish military personnel from Mersin in Turkey to Port Said, Egypt to man the ordered navy ships from UK, was sunk in eastern Mediterranean waters by a torpedo fired from an unidentified submarine. Of the 200 passengers and crew aboard, only 32 survived. Most of people say that this was done because of retaliation or the British did not have ships to give. It is seen as an operation done so that the empty promise to keep Turkey by their side does not cause disappointments. But after the incident, the Germans delivered 4 dozen FW 58 aircrafts to Turkey. Later Vichy France accepted the incident and secretly gave 2 ships as compensation.
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