Chinese Cranes in American Ports
Most of the cranes moving containers at U.S. ports are Chinese made. In fact, over 80% of them come from a single company: ZPMC, a Chinese state-owned manufacturer based in Shanghai.
Shanghai Zhenhua Heavy Industries (ZPMC) became the global crane leader by undercutting rivals on price and delivery speed.
- Today, it controls nearly 70% of the global container crane market
- ZPMC cranes operate in over 300 ports worldwide, including major U.S. terminals
- ZPMC cranes typically cost 40% less than Western competitors, enabled by state financing, cheap labor, and domestic steel subsidies.
U.S. intelligence agencies have grown increasingly concerned that ZPMC cranes could be used for surveillance or disruption of port operations.
- In 2021, the FBI raided a ship delivering ZPMC cranes to the Port of Baltimore, finding embedded communications equipment.
- A 2023 Congressional report revealed that ZPMC shipped cranes with unauthorized cellular modems, creating potential remote-access vulnerabilities.
- U.S. officials say Chinese national security laws require ZPMC to share source code with Beijing — enabling state access.
The USTR recently proposed 100% tariffs on Chinese-made ship-to-shore cranes — a move clearly meant to price ZPMC out of the market.
And earlier this month in June 2025, the US House of Rep. passed the Maritime Supply Chain Security Act, which lets ports use federal grants to replace Chinese cranes with equipment made in the U.S. or by trusted allies.
ZPMC has denied all allegations, calling the claims misleading and asserting that its cranes pose no cybersecurity threat. The company warned that U.S. tariffs could lead to port slowdowns and severe supply chain disruptions.
Other countries are taking a harder look at ZPMC too. A 2023 European Parliament study flagged its cranes as a security risk tied to China-linked infrastructure. India acted earlier — after the 2020 border clash with China, it tightened procurement rules to block bids from Chinese firms like ZPMC.
If you are interested in this topic, here's a detailed deep-dive -
https://crossdockinsights.com/p/chinese-cranes-in-american-ports-zpmc