Becouse for a number of reasons:
Faster firing, (EG, The FAMAS has the fastest ROF for a rifle)
Slightly more powerful since the gas pressure has two uses, To reload the weapon and to push the bullet from the barrel. The less uses the gas pressure has, The higher the velocity of the round (Wonder why Revolvers are more powerful/Bolt action rifles are still used?)
Simpler in design(Especially for SMGs), The STG45 was cheaper, easier to produce and maintain than the STG44 although it was abandoned. Same with Korobov's TKB-517 that turned out more sucsessful than the AK-47.
Ever notice on revolvers, excluding the 18XX nagant, there is a lot of gas leakage between the cylinder and barrel. At the ranges that are normally used it is probably not important. Look at auto pistols and revolvers, the magazine design pushed autos ahead of revolver not power or range. In fact when the 9mm became very popular, it showed power was not a consideration. 9 mm is the same ballistics as a 38 Special which was abandoned for the .357 Mag, and there were considerations of even going to the .41 Mag.
Faster is not necessary any better. They have put rate reducers in MG42, Burst kits on rifles, stuff that cut down on excessive and ineffective fire. I am not saying that the design is bad by any means. I have a few rifles that are designed that way.
Even for the US Military to change there are so many other considerations. Even gas piston uppers may not happen for standard issues.
On rate of fire, there are other limitations, how many magazines one can carry or the amount of ammo is probably the biggest limitations for a infantry soldier.
Also with rate of fire there is recoil and controllability of the fire arm, bursting is critical or some other method.
Maybe instead of converting the m4, why not a all new rifle. There is a lot of talk of designing a new battle rifle. HK as some designs, also there is what cartridge to be used.
The other problem that a new rifle has to overcome is cost benefit ratio, the M16 and it variants is a tested and proven design.
BTW do you know why the STG45 was abandoned?
One of the oldest AR 16 variants was the Armalite AR 180, it has a gas piston upper, but never got any where with the military. It was also less expensive to make.